应税和非应税收入-1.5

1. Employee Compensation / 员工薪酬-5

Publication 525
Taxable and Nontaxable Income
税务信息手册第525篇
应税和非应税收入

 
合格股权授予 / Qualified Equity Grants

公共法115-97修改了相关法律,对于根据股票期权和受限股票单位(RSU)这些广泛运用的薪酬方案而授予的“合格股票”,允许私营公司的“合格雇员”选择递延所得税,从股票兑现之日起最多5年。这项选择适用于2017年以后行使期权或结算受限股票单位而获得的股票。公司必须制定有书面计划,向至少80%的美国雇员提供受限股票单位或期权。在受限股票单位或期权计划下,接收人必须享有相同的权利和优惠。

术语“合格雇员”不包括:

  • 持有1%公司股份的股东(当前或过往10个日历年度中的任何时间);
  • 现任或前任首席执行官或首席财务官(当前或过往任何时间);
  • 上述人士的家庭成员;或者
  • 薪酬最高的4名管理者(当前或过往10个日历年度中的任何时间)。

术语“合格股票”是指雇主公司的任何股票,如果:

  • 股票是通过行使某项期权而获得;或者
  • 股票是通过结算受限股票单位而获得;并且
  • 期权或受限股票单位是由该公司授予。

“合格股票”不能来自于以股票结算的股票增值权或限制性股票奖励(受限财产)。如果雇员可以领取现金以代替股票,那么对应的股票不是合格股票。选择是采用类似于下文“受限财产”主题下选择作为转让当年的收入段落中所述的选择方式来操作,即使“合格股票”不是受限财产。在雇员的股票权利获准可转让或者不存在重大丧失风险以后,以其中较早日期为准,必须在30天内作出选择。关于如何作这项选择,可参见下文受限财产

如果雇员选择适用这项条款,推迟确认收入,那么必须将其纳入到收入中的年份是包括以下最早日期的那年:(1)合格股票可转让的日期(2)该名雇员成为不合格雇员(不包括在上文“合格雇员”中)的日期(3)雇主的股票在既有证券市场上可以交易的日期(4)该名雇员的股票权利基本确认之后5年(5)该名雇员撤销其递延选择的日期。雇主公司必须向合格计划所涵盖的雇员告知各项权利,否则会面临处罚。预扣税款适用最高边际税率。

受限财产 / Restricted Property

大多数情况下,如果你提供服务收到财产,那么必须在收到当年将其公平市场价值纳入到收入中。不过,如果收到的股票或其它财产受到某些限制而影响其价值,那么不要将其价值纳入到收入中,直到财产所有权基本确定。(你可以选择在财产转让给你那年将其价值纳入到收入中,如下文所述,而不是在所有权基本确定那年。)

直到所有权基本确定以前,拥有财产的是将其转让给你的人,通常是你的雇主。不过,源于财产或财产使用权的收入,须在取得收入或有权使用财产的当年,作为额外的报酬计入到你的收入中。当财产所有权基本确定时,你必须计入到当年收入中的金额,是其公平市场价值减去你为之支付的款项。你持有财产的期间从其所有权基本确定之时开始。

示例-12:你的雇主冬青树公司以每股$10美元的价格向你出售100股股票;当时股票的公平市场价值是每股$100美元。根据出售条款,这些股票在5年内存在重大的没收风险(你很可能会失去)。股票的所有权在转让给你时不是基本上确定,因此在购入当年你无须计入任何收入。在5年期间结束时,该股票的公平市场价值是每股$200美元。你必须纳入到收入中的金额是$19,000美元[100股×($200美元公平市场价值−$10美元你支付的金额)]。冬青树公司就你的100股公司股票支付的股息,在股票可能被没收期间也须作为你的额外报酬纳税。

所有权基本确定:财产所有权基本确定的时间是:

  • 财产可转让;或者
  • 不存在重大的没收风险(你不大可能失去它)。

可转让财产:如果你可以向任何人(转让人除外)出售、分配、或抵押你在财产中的权益,并且在产生重大的没收风险时,收到财产权益之人不会被要求放弃财产或其价值,那么该件财产是可转让财产。

重大的没收风险:通常存在重大没收风险的情形是,转让的财产权益直接或间接地要求某人将来提供大量的服务(或不得提供服务),或者是要求在没收的可能性很大时须存在与转移目的相关的某种状况。

示例-13:红杉公司按每股$100美元转让给你100股公司股票,作为你提供服务的报酬。根据转让条款,如果你在3年内因任何原因离职,那么必须以每股$100美元的价格把股票回售给公司。你必须在一段时间内提供大量的服务,如果不提供服务则必须按每股$100美元(无论其价值大小)把股票回售给公司,因此你的股票权利存在重大的没收风险。

选择作为转让当年的收入:你可以选择把受限财产的价值(减去为该财产支付的款项)纳入到转让当年的收入中。如果你作出这项选择,那么所有权基本确定的规则不再适用,通常之后的升值在财产所有权基本确定时不计入你的报酬。出售财产时计算损益的基准值,是你为之支付的款项加上作为报酬已纳入到收入中的金额。

注意:如果你作出这项选择,那么未经联邦税务局同意你不能撤销。只能是因为你未正确得知相关交易的实际情况,才会同意撤销。

如果把财产价值纳入到收入中以后你失去该件财产,那么损失是你为之支付的款项减去被没收时得到的金额。

注意:你不能为非法定股票期权作这项选择。

如何作选择:要作这项选择,你须向提交税表的联邦税务局事务中心提交一份书面声明。你必须在财产转让日期之后30天内提交这份声明。把声明寄送到税表-1040和1040-SR的说明中“向何处提交”主题下“要求退税或者未附带支票或汇票…”段落中罗列出的你所在州的地址。你必须将此声明的一份复印件交给你为其提供服务之人,如果收取财产的人不是你,还须将复印件交给那个人。

你必须在声明上签名,指出你现在依据税务法典第83(b)节作这项选择。声明中必须包含以下全部信息:

  • 你的姓名、地址、纳税人识别号;
  • 描述你为之作选择的每件财产;
  • 财产转让的日期或多个日期以及你为之作选择的纳税年度;
  • 财产所受限制的性质;
  • 你为之作选择的每件财产在转让时的公平市场价值(忽略各种限制,除那些永远不失效的限制以外);
  • 你为财产支付的款项;
  • 你已将复印件提供给相关人员的声明。

注意:你不能为非法定股票期权作这项选择。

受限制股票收到的股息:你收到的源于受限制股票的股息会被当作报酬而不是股息收入。雇主应该把这些款项计入到你的W-2表格中。如果这些款项也填报在1099-DIV表格中,那么你应该把它们罗列在附表-B(税表-1040)中,附加一份声明指出你已经把它们计入薪资。不要把这些款项计入已收到的股息总额。

你选择纳入到收入中的股票:对于你选择在转让当年纳入到收入中的受限制股票,源于其中的股息与其它股息同样处理。你应该会收到显示这些股息的1099-DIV表格。在税表上不要把这些股息计入薪资;把它们作为股息填报。

出售所有权尚未基本确定的财产:这些规则适用于后续财产的出售或处置:在转让当年你没有选择将其纳入到收入中,同时所有权尚未基本确定。如果你通过公平交易出售或处置该件财产,那么在出售当年作为报酬纳入到收入中的金额,是确认的交易收入减去你为该件财产支付的款项。如果你通过公平交易与另外的所有权尚未基本确定的财产作交换,那么把新的财产当作已用于交换的那件财产的替代品。

出售或处置非法定股票期权给关联方不会被视为公平交易。可参见法规第1.83-7节,知悉“关联方”的定义。如果你不是通过公平交易出售该件财产,那么在出售当年作为报酬纳入到收入中的金额,是你收到的全部款项加上所有权基本确定的任何财产的公平市场价值。此外,当原有财产的所有权基本确定时,你必须填报收入,就好像你仍然拥有它。须作为报酬填报的金额是,该件财产的公平市场价值减去你为之支付的款项以及先前出售时已纳入到收入中的金额。

示例-14:2021年,你以每股$50美元的价格从雇主那里取得公平市场价值为$100美元的股票,在2024年之前存在没收风险。2023年,你以$10美元的价格把股票出售给配偶,不是公平交易。这笔交易让你获得$10美元的收益。2024年股票的所有权基本确定,当时的公平市场价值为$120美元。你必须为2023年填报额外的$60美元收益,计算如下:

股票所有权基本确定时的公平市场价值     $120
减去:为股票支付的款项 $50    
减去:先前出售给配偶时纳入到收入中的收益 $10   −$60
额外的收入     $60

继承的所有权尚未基本确定的财产:如果你继承的财产在逝者离世时所有权尚未基本确定,那么你从该件财产中取得的任何收入都会被视为与离世者相关的收入,按照提供服务收到受限财产所适用的规则征税。关于与离世者相关的收入,相关资讯可参见税务信息手册第559篇。

 

Above contents are translated from / 以上内容译自
https://www.irs.gov/publications/p525#en_US_2024_publink100012819

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美中✧税收协定&技术说明-2

TAX AGREEMENT WITH THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA 与中华人民共和国的税收协议
 
MESSAGE
FROM
THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES
TRANSMITTING
 
发送

美国总统
转送
 
THE AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA FOR THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE TAXATION AND THE PREVENTION OF TAX EVASION WITH RESPECT TO TAXES ON INCOME, TOGETHER WITH A SUPPLEMENTARY PROTOCOL AND EXCHANGE OF NOTES, SIGNED AT BEIJING ON APRIL 30, 1984
 
美利坚合众国政府和中华人民共和国政府
关于对收入避免双重征税及防止逃税的协议,
及其补充议定书和换文,
于1984年4月30日在北京签署
 
LETTER OF SUBMITTAL
 
提交函
DEPARTMENT OF STATE,
Washington, July 24, 1984.
美国国务院,
华盛顿,1984年7月24日.
THE PRESIDENT,
The White House.
总统,
白宫.
THE PRESIDENT: I have the honor to submit to you, with a view to its transmission to the Senate for advice and consent to ratification, the Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the People’s Republic of China for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Tax Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, together with a supplementary protocol and exchange of notes, which you signed at Beijing on April 30, 1984. 总统:我荣幸地向您提交《美利坚合众国政府和中华人民共和国政府关于对收入避免双重征税和防止逃税的协议》及其补充议定书和换文,以便您将其转送参议院征询建议并同意批准,该协议由您于1984年4月30日在北京签署。
The agreement is the first complete income tax treaty to be signed with the People’s Republic of China. A limited treaty affecting the taxation of income from international shipping and aircraft operations was signed at Beijing on March 5, 1982, (97th Cong. 2d. Sess., Senate Treaty Doc. No. 97-24, June 16, 1982) and is presently in force. 该协议是与中华人民共和国签署的第一份完整的所得税协定。一份涉及国际海运和航空运营收入相关税赋的限制性协定已于1982年3月5日在北京签署(第97届国会第2次会议,参议院协定文件第97-24号,1982年6月16日),目前生效中。
The present agreement is based on model income tax treaties prepared by the Department of the Treasury, the United Nations, and the OECD. Like other United States tax treaties, it provides rules for determining the extent to which each country may tax particular types of income. Where the host country may tax, it agrees to impose its income tax in a non-discriminatory manner. The agreement provides that the country of residence will give a foreign tax credit for income tax paid to the other country. If any potential problems of double taxation should arise, the tax officials of the two countries agree to consult to try to resolve them. 当前这份协议以财政部、联合国、及经合组织制订的所得税协定范本为基础。与美国的其它税收协定一样,其中给出相关规则,以确定各国可对特定类型收入征税的范围。东道国对于可征税的情形,同意以无差别的方式征收所得税。该协议规定,居住国将对已缴纳给另外那个国家的所得税给予海外税款抵免。如果出现任何潜在的双重征税问题,两国税务官员同意进行磋商以努力解决。
All provisions of the agreement are reciprocal. Some will benefit especially United States investors. For instance, investors will know before undertaking a transaction in China what the income tax consequences will be. Business profits will not be taxable by China unless attributable to a “permanent establishment”, as defined in the agreement. Taxation by China of the remuneration of United States citizens who are self-employed or employed by private firms is generally permissible only if they remain in China more than six months a year. In addition, the agreement limits the tax which each country may impose on dividends, interest and royalties derived by residents of the other country to no more than 10 percent in each case. 该协议的所有条款都相互对等。某些条款将特别有利于美国投资者。例如,投资者可以在中国开展某笔交易之前就知晓其所得税结果。营业利润不会被中国征税,除非可归属于协议中定义的“常设机构”。自雇或受雇于私营企业的美国公民通常只有年内在中国停留超过六个月的情况下,其报酬才会被中国征税。此外,关于向对方居民取得的股息、利息、及特许使用费征税,协议还限定各国的税率不得超过10%。
The protocol clarifies certain provisions of the agreement and also provides for cooperation between the tax officials of the two countries to prevent tax evasion. 议定书阐明协议的某些条款,并规定两国税务官员应合作以防止逃税。
In the accompanying exchange of notes, the United States agrees to amend the treaty with China to include a “tax sparing credit” if such a provision is ever included in a United States tax treaty with another country. Presently, the United States does not permit a “tax sparing” credit, i.e. a foreign tax credit for the statutory full amount of the foreign tax even if, in fact, that tax has been reduced or waived as an incentive. It is a firm element of U.S. policy that a foreign tax credit be given only for foreign income taxes actually paid. 在随附的换文中,美国同意修改与中国的协定以纳入“税收饶让抵免”,如果美国与其它国家签订的税收协定中包含此类条款。目前美国不允许“税收饶让”抵免,即对应法定的外国税负全额给予海外税款抵免,即使该项税负实际上已作为某种激励措施被削减或免除。美国相关政策的一项确定要素是,仅对应实际缴纳的外国所得税给予海外税款抵免。
The agreement provides that the Contracting States shall notify each other in writing, through diplomatic channels, upon the completion of their respective legal procedures to bring the agreement into force. The agreement will enter into force on the thirtieth day after the date of the latter of such notifications and shall take effect with respect to income derived during taxable years beginning on or after the first day of January next following the date on which the agreement enters into force. 该协议规定,缔约国双方应在各自完成让协议生效的法律程序后,通过外交渠道以书面形式通知对方。协议将于前述通知中较晚者之日期起第30天生效,适用于协议生效次年1月1日或之后开始的纳税年度中取得的收入。
A technical memorandum explaining in detail the provisions of the agreement is being prepared by the Department of the Treasury and will be submitted separately to the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. 财政部正在准备一份技术备忘录,详细说明该协议的条款,会将其另行提交给参议院外交关系委员会。
The Department of the Treasury, with the cooperation of the Department of State, was primarily responsible for the negotiation of the agreement. It has the full approval of both Departments. 在国务院的配合下,财政部主要负责该协议的磋商。该协议已完全获得两部门的批准。
Respectfully submitted, 此致,
George P. Schultz
乔治∙舒尔茨
 
 
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL



转送函
THE WHITE HOUSE, August 10,1984.
白宫,1984年8月10日.
To the Senate of the United States: 致美国参议院:
I transmit herewith for Senate advice and consent to ratification the Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the People’s Republic of China for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Tax Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, together with a supplementary protocol and exchange of notes, signed at Beijing on April 30, 1984. I also transmit the report of the Department of State on the Agreement. 我谨此转送参议院征询建议并同意批准1984年4月30日在北京签署的《美利坚合众国政府和中华人民共和国政府关于对收入避免双重征税和防止逃税的协议》及其补充议定书和换文。我同时还转送国务院关于该协议的报告。
The Agreement is the first complete income tax treaty between the two countries. A limited treaty concerning the taxation of income from international shipping and air transportation, signed at Beijing on March 5, 1982, was approved by the Senate on July 27,1983 and is now in force. 该协议是两国间第一份完整的所得税协定。一份涉及国际海运和空运收入相关税赋的限制性协定已于1982年3月5日在北京签署,并于1983年7月27日获得参议院批准,目前生效中。
The Agreement is based on model income tax treaties developed by the Department of the Treasury, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, and the United Nations. The provisions of the Agreement are reciprocal and, like other tax treaties, represent a balanced package of benefits and concessions. 该协议以美国财政部、经济合作与发展组织、及联合国制订的所得税协定范本为基础。该协议中的条款相互对等,与其它税收协定一样,体现出受益和让与之间的某种平衡。
The Agreement will contribute to a long-run expansion of economic relations between the two countries by providing clear rules as to the tax consequences of investing or working in the other country. It reduces the tax which residents of one country must pay to the other on certain types of income, such as dividends, interest, and royalties and provides limited exemptions for visiting teachers, researchers and students. The Agreement also assures nondiscriminatory taxation in the host country, and, provides a mechanism for cooperation between the tax authorities to try to resolve any potential problems of double taxation. 该协议对于在对方国家投资或工作的税收结果给出明确的规则,将促进两国经济关系的长期扩展。对于诸如股息、利息、特许使用费等某些类型的收入,协议可削减一国居民必须向对方国家缴纳的税款,并为客座教师、研究人员、及学生提供有限度的豁免。该协议还确保在东道国的无差别税收待遇,并为双方税务当局之间的合作提供某种机制,以努力解决任何潜在的双重征税问题。
I recommend that the Senate give early and favorable consideration to the Agreement and give its advice and consent to ratification. 我建议参议院尽早适宜地审议该协议,提出建议并同意批准。
RONALD REAGAN.
罗纳德∙里根.
 
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English materials are sourced from / 英文内容取自:https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-trty/china.pdf

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Song: 岁月如歌-8

年华似水,岁月如歌

1. 童 年:好奇     7. 正当年:蹉跎      
2. 少 年:向往     8. «正当年:辗转   ✤      
3. 少 年:懵懂   9. 年:惆怅    
4. 青 春:痴情     10. 年:寄托    
5. 青 春:躁动   11. 年:追昔      
6. 青 春:狂热     12. 季:祥和      
8. Sound of Silence (Simon & Garfunkel)

Hello darkness, my old friend
I’ve come to talk with you again
Because a vision softly creeping
Left its seeds while I was sleeping
And the vision that was planted in my brain
Still remains
Within the sound of silence

In restless dreams I walked alone
Narrow streets of cobblestone
‘Neath the halo of a street lamp
I turned my collar to the cold and damp
When my eyes were stabbed by the flash of a neon light
That split the night
And touched the sound of silence

And in the naked light I saw
Ten thousand people, maybe more
People talking without speaking
People hearing without listening
People writing songs that voices never share
No one dared
Disturb the sound of silence

“Fools” said I, “You do not know
Silence like a cancer grows
Hear my words that I might teach you
Take my arms that I might reach you”
But my words like silent raindrops fell
And echoed in the wells of silence

And the people bowed and prayed
To the neon god they made
And the sign flashed out its warning
In the words that it was forming
And the sign said, “The words of the prophets
Are written on the subway walls
And tenement halls
And whispered in the sounds of silence”